Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time, typically defined as a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to less than 60 mL/min for three months or more. This decline can lead to a buildup of waste products and excess fluid in the body, resulting in various health complications.
CKD is often caused by underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, and a family history of kidney disease. As the disease progresses through five stages, patients may experience symptoms ranging from mild fatigue and swelling to more severe manifestations like anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular complications.
Diagnosis of CKD involves blood tests to measure kidney function, urine tests to detect protein levels, and imaging studies to assess kidney structure. While there is no cure for CKD, early detection and management can slow its progression. Treatment may include lifestyle modifications, medications to control blood pressure and diabetes, and dietary changes. In advanced stages, patients may require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Regular monitoring and patient education are essential for managing CKD effectively and improving quality of life.
