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Kidney Biopsy

Kidney biopsy

A kidney biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. It is primarily used to diagnose kidney diseases, assess the severity of kidney damage, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.

Indications for a Kidney Biopsy:

  1. Unexplained Kidney Dysfunction: When blood or urine tests show abnormalities, but the cause is unclear.
  2. Glomerular Diseases: Conditions like glomerulonephritis, where the glomeruli (filtering units) are inflamed.
  3. Transplant Evaluation: To monitor for rejection or complications in kidney transplant patients.
  4. Kidney Tumors: To determine the nature of a mass or lesion in the kidney.

Procedure:

  • Preparation: Patients may need to stop certain medications and undergo imaging tests.
  • Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is typically used to numb the area.
  • Tissue Collection: A needle is inserted through the skin into the kidney to obtain tissue, often guided by ultrasound.
  • Post-Procedure Care: Patients are monitored for bleeding and other complications for a few hours after the procedure.

Risks:

While generally safe, potential risks include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Damage to surrounding organs

Results:

The biopsy sample is analyzed by a pathologist to identify any abnormalities, such as inflammation, fibrosis, or cancerous cells. The results help guide further management and treatment options.

In summary, kidney biopsy is a vital tool in nephrology that aids in diagnosing and managing various kidney-related conditions.